Broccoli

Brassica oleracea var. italica

Brassicaceae · vegetables · Mediterranean

EdibleMedium Maintenance

About Broccoli

A cool-season crop producing dense heads of edible flower buds. After the main head is harvested, side shoots continue producing smaller florets for weeks. One of the most nutritious vegetables available.

Growing Conditions

☀️

Sun

Full Sun

💧💧

Water

Medium

🌱

Soil

Rich, Well-drained

📈

Growth Rate

Medium

🌸

Bloom Season

Spring, Fall

🌈

Bloom Color

Yellow (if bolted)

Size & Dimensions

Height

1' 6"

Spread

Hardiness Zone Range

Suitable for USDA Zones 2 through 11

Plant Details

Family	Brassicaceae
Category	Vegetables
Native Region	Mediterranean
Scientific Name	Brassica oleracea var. italica

Care Tips

✓Transplant 2-3 weeks before last frost.
✓Harvest main head before yellow flowers open.
✓Side shoots keep producing for weeks.
✓Row cover protects from cabbage worms.

Fun Facts

★Broccoli, cauliflower, kale, cabbage, and Brussels sprouts are all the same species — Brassica oleracea — bred for different traits.
★Thomas Jefferson grew broccoli at Monticello in the 1700s.

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Data verified: 2026-04

USDA Plants Database Missouri Botanical Garden

Frequently Asked Questions

What USDA hardiness zones can Broccoli grow in?

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) thrives in USDA hardiness zones 2 through 11. This means it can tolerate winter temperatures typical of these zones. Check your local zone to ensure it is suitable for your area.

How much sun and water does Broccoli need?

Broccoli requires full sun and has medium water needs. It grows best in rich, well-drained soil. Regular watering is recommended, especially during dry periods.

How tall and wide does Broccoli grow?

Broccoli typically reaches 2' tall with a spread of 1' 6". It has a medium growth rate and requires medium maintenance. Plan your garden spacing accordingly to give it room to reach its full size.

Is Broccoli deer resistant?

Broccoli is not typically considered deer resistant. If deer are common in your area, consider protecting young plants with fencing or using deer repellent sprays during the growing season.

When does Broccoli bloom and is it edible?

Broccoli blooms in spring, fall, producing yellow (if bolted) flowers. Parts of this plant are edible and can be used in cooking or eaten fresh. It belongs to the Brassicaceae family and is native to Mediterranean.

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